RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

Gregor J.G. Gluth; Xinyuan Ke; Anya Vollpracht; Susan A. Bernal; Özlem Cizer; Martin Cyr; Katja Dombrowski-Daube; Dan Geddes; Cyrill Grengg; Cassandre Le Galliard; Marija Nedeljkovic; John L. Provis; Zhenguo Shi; Luca Valentini; Brant Walkley

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

Gregor J.G. Gluth^*, Xinyuan Ke, Anya Vollpracht, Susan A. Bernal, Özlem Cizer, Martin Cyr, Katja Dombrowski-Daube, Dan Geddes, Cyrill Grengg, Cassandre Le Galliard, Marija Nedeljkovic, John L. Provis, Zhenguo Shi, Luca Valentini, Brant Walkley

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Applied Geosciences (2210)

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

Abstract

The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na₂O + K₂O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO₂ concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO₂, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Pages	667-676
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-031-21735-7
ISBN (Print)	978-3-031-21734-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72
Publication status	Published - 2023
Event	75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 & International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures - Merida, Mexico Duration: 29 Aug 2021 → 3 Sept 2021

Publication series

Name	RILEM Bookseries
Volume	40
ISSN (Print)	2211-0844
ISSN (Electronic)	2211-0852

Conference

Conference	75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 & International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures
Abbreviated title	75RW2020
Country/Territory	Mexico
City	Merida
Period	29/08/21 → 3/09/21

Keywords

Accelerated testing
Alkali-activated materials
Carbonation
Natural exposure

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Civil and Structural Engineering
Building and Construction
Mechanics of Materials

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

Cite this

Gluth, G. J. G., Ke, X., Vollpracht, A., Bernal, S. A., Cizer, Ö., Cyr, M., Dombrowski-Daube, K., Geddes, D., Grengg, C., Le Galliard, C., Nedeljkovic, M., Provis, J. L., Shi, Z., Valentini, L., & Walkley, B. (2023). RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. In Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 (pp. 667-676). (RILEM Bookseries; Vol. 40). Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. / Gluth, Gregor J.G.; Ke, Xinyuan; Vollpracht, Anya et al.
Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021. Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023. p. 667-676 (RILEM Bookseries; Vol. 40).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

Gluth, GJG, Ke, X, Vollpracht, A, Bernal, SA, Cizer, Ö, Cyr, M, Dombrowski-Daube, K, Geddes, D, Grengg, C, Le Galliard, C, Nedeljkovic, M, Provis, JL, Shi, Z, Valentini, L & Walkley, B 2023, RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. in Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021. RILEM Bookseries, vol. 40, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., pp. 667-676, 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 & International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures, Merida, Mexico, 29/08/21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

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title = "RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis",

abstract = "The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.",

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author = "Gluth, {Gregor J.G.} and Xinyuan Ke and Anya Vollpracht and Bernal, {Susan A.} and {\"O}zlem Cizer and Martin Cyr and Katja Dombrowski-Daube and Dan Geddes and Cyrill Grengg and {Le Galliard}, Cassandre and Marija Nedeljkovic and Provis, {John L.} and Zhenguo Shi and Luca Valentini and Brant Walkley",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.; 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 & International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures, 75RW2020 ; Conference date: 29-08-2021 Through 03-09-2021",

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T2 - 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021 & International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures

AU - Gluth, Gregor J.G.

AU - Ke, Xinyuan

AU - Vollpracht, Anya

AU - Bernal, Susan A.

AU - Cizer, Özlem

AU - Cyr, Martin

AU - Dombrowski-Daube, Katja

AU - Geddes, Dan

AU - Grengg, Cyrill

AU - Le Galliard, Cassandre

AU - Nedeljkovic, Marija

AU - Provis, John L.

AU - Shi, Zhenguo

AU - Valentini, Luca

AU - Walkley, Brant

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

AB - The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

KW - Accelerated testing

KW - Alkali-activated materials

KW - Carbonation

KW - Natural exposure

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ER -

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

Abstract

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Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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