Real-Time Rendering Methods with Adaptive Levels of Detail for Fast Rendering of Parametric Objects on Modern GPUs

Parametric functions are an extremely efficient representation for 3D geometry, capable of compactly modelling highly complex objects. Once specified, parametric 3D objects allow for visualization at arbitrary levels of detail (LOD), at no additional memory cost, limited only by the amount of evaluated samples. However, mapping the sample evaluation to the hardware rendering pipelines of modern graphics processing units (GPUs) is not trivial. In this article, we propose a general method for efficient rendering of parametrically-defined 3D objects on modern hardware architectures. Our method adaptively analyzes, allocates and evaluates parametric function samples to produce high-quality renderings. Geometric precision can be modulated from few pixels down to sub-pixel level, enabling real-time frame rates of several 100 frames per second (FPS) for various parametric functions. We propose a dedicated LOD stage, which outputs patches of similar geometric detail to a subsequent rendering stage that uses either a hardware tessellation-based approach or performs point-based software rasterization. Our method requires neither preprocessing nor caching, and the proposed LOD mechanism is fast enough to run each frame. Hence, our approach also lends itself to animated parametric objects. We demonstrate the benefits of our method over a state-of-the-art spherical harmonics (SH) glyph rendering method and over classical LOD approaches, while showing its flexibility on a range of other demanding shapes.