Photodriven Mott insulating heterostructures: A steady-state study of impact ionization processes

We investigate the photocurrent and spectral features in a simplified model of a Mott photovoltaic system consisting of a multilayered insulating heterostructure. The central correlated region is coupled to two metallic leads kept at different chemical potentials. A periodic drive applied to the correlated region produces excited doublons and holons across the Mott gap, which are then separated by a potential gradient, which mimics the polarization-induced electric field present in oxide heterostructures. The nonequilibrium Floquet steady-state is addressed by means of dynamical mean-field theory and its Floquet extension, while the so-called auxiliary master equation approach is employed as impurity solver. We find that impact ionization, identified by a kink in the photocurrent as function of the driving frequency, becomes significant and is generally favored by weak, narrowband hybridizations to the leads beyond a certain strength of the driving field. On the other hand, in the case of a direct coupling to metallic leads with a flat band, we observe a drastic reduction of impact ionization and of the photocurrent itself.