Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS

Tengetile Nxumalo; Abdullah Akhdhar; Viktoria Müller; Amnah Al Zbedy; Andrea Raab; Milica Jovanovic; Erich Leitner; Andrew Kindness; Jörg Feldmann

doi:10.1080/19440049.2024.2347491

Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS

Tengetile Nxumalo, Abdullah Akhdhar, Viktoria Müller, Amnah Al Zbedy, Andrea Raab, Milica Jovanovic, Erich Leitner, Andrew Kindness, Jörg Feldmann^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry (6450)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Food contact materials (FCMs) from three countries were analysed for all extractable organofluorines (EOFs) from the materials and subsequently by target and non-target analysis for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The EOF varied by two orders of magnitude for FCM from UK and Saudi Arabia ranging between 2.14 and 483 ng cm⁻² (0.2–48 ng g⁻¹) showing that one quarter of all samples were above the Danish regulation for PFAS in FCM. Target PFAS showed high variability in composition and accounted for less than 1% of the EOF. Non-target PFAS screening using HPLC–ICP-MS and coupled simultaneously to HRMS showed the occurrence of organofluorines which were identified by neither LC–MS/MS nor LC–HRMS. This illustrates that the current target PFAS approaches fail to identify EOFs from FCM, which would be a problem with the new EU proposal to ban all PFAS.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	856-866
Number of pages	11
Journal	Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A
Volume	41
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2347491
Publication status	Published - 2024

Keywords

EOF
fluorine determination
food packaging
HR-GFMAS
ICP-MS
mass balance
non-target analysis
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
target analysis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Food Science
General Chemistry
Toxicology
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Nxumalo, T., Akhdhar, A., Müller, V., Al Zbedy, A., Raab, A., Jovanovic, M., Leitner, E., Kindness, A., & Feldmann, J. (2024). Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A, 41(7), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2347491

Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS. / Nxumalo, Tengetile; Akhdhar, Abdullah; Müller, Viktoria et al.
In: Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A, Vol. 41, No. 7, 2024, p. 856-866.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Nxumalo, T, Akhdhar, A, Müller, V, Al Zbedy, A, Raab, A, Jovanovic, M, Leitner, E, Kindness, A & Feldmann, J 2024, 'Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS', Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2347491

Nxumalo T, Akhdhar A, Müller V, Al Zbedy A, Raab A, Jovanovic M et al. Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A. 2024;41(7):856-866. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2347491

Nxumalo, Tengetile ; Akhdhar, Abdullah ; Müller, Viktoria et al. / Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS. In: Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A. 2024 ; Vol. 41, No. 7. pp. 856-866.

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abstract = "Food contact materials (FCMs) from three countries were analysed for all extractable organofluorines (EOFs) from the materials and subsequently by target and non-target analysis for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The EOF varied by two orders of magnitude for FCM from UK and Saudi Arabia ranging between 2.14 and 483 ng cm−2 (0.2–48 ng g−1) showing that one quarter of all samples were above the Danish regulation for PFAS in FCM. Target PFAS showed high variability in composition and accounted for less than 1\% of the EOF. Non-target PFAS screening using HPLC–ICP-MS and coupled simultaneously to HRMS showed the occurrence of organofluorines which were identified by neither LC–MS/MS nor LC–HRMS. This illustrates that the current target PFAS approaches fail to identify EOFs from FCM, which would be a problem with the new EU proposal to ban all PFAS.",

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AU - Nxumalo, Tengetile

AU - Akhdhar, Abdullah

AU - Müller, Viktoria

AU - Al Zbedy, Amnah

AU - Raab, Andrea

AU - Jovanovic, Milica

AU - Leitner, Erich

AU - Kindness, Andrew

AU - Feldmann, Jörg

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N2 - Food contact materials (FCMs) from three countries were analysed for all extractable organofluorines (EOFs) from the materials and subsequently by target and non-target analysis for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The EOF varied by two orders of magnitude for FCM from UK and Saudi Arabia ranging between 2.14 and 483 ng cm−2 (0.2–48 ng g−1) showing that one quarter of all samples were above the Danish regulation for PFAS in FCM. Target PFAS showed high variability in composition and accounted for less than 1% of the EOF. Non-target PFAS screening using HPLC–ICP-MS and coupled simultaneously to HRMS showed the occurrence of organofluorines which were identified by neither LC–MS/MS nor LC–HRMS. This illustrates that the current target PFAS approaches fail to identify EOFs from FCM, which would be a problem with the new EU proposal to ban all PFAS.

AB - Food contact materials (FCMs) from three countries were analysed for all extractable organofluorines (EOFs) from the materials and subsequently by target and non-target analysis for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The EOF varied by two orders of magnitude for FCM from UK and Saudi Arabia ranging between 2.14 and 483 ng cm−2 (0.2–48 ng g−1) showing that one quarter of all samples were above the Danish regulation for PFAS in FCM. Target PFAS showed high variability in composition and accounted for less than 1% of the EOF. Non-target PFAS screening using HPLC–ICP-MS and coupled simultaneously to HRMS showed the occurrence of organofluorines which were identified by neither LC–MS/MS nor LC–HRMS. This illustrates that the current target PFAS approaches fail to identify EOFs from FCM, which would be a problem with the new EU proposal to ban all PFAS.

KW - EOF

KW - fluorine determination

KW - food packaging

KW - HR-GFMAS

KW - ICP-MS

KW - mass balance

KW - non-target analysis

KW - per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

KW - target analysis

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AN - SCOPUS:85192764863

SN - 1944-0049

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JO - Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

JF - Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

IS - 7

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Determination of total extractable organofluorine (EOF) in food contact materials and target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS simultaneously coupled to ICP-MS

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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